illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
becoming red hot; red heat; scorching heat; running high (of emotions); burning (with passion, enthusiasm, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to roll up; to be rolled up
thousands; several thousand
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to reach; to get to; to arrive at
heated wire; infrared rays; heat rays
battlefield; battleground
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
surface of the earth; ground surface
to be scorched into; to be seared into; to make a strong impression; to be etched in (one's memory)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
dozens; scores of; decades
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
armour (e.g. tank); armor
tank (military vehicle); chariot
to run past from behind; to run through (e.g. gate, one's mind)
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to rain incessantly; to downpour
to stop (in one's tracks); to come to a stop; to halt; to pause; to stand still
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
rivalry (between two equally strong sides); struggle for supremacy; competing (with); vying (with); contending (with); being an equal match (for)
eastern country; eastern provinces; Kanto provinces
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); western nations (esp. India or Europe); thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together
ten; 10; ten years of age
battle formation; military formation
formation; molding; making up; repair (e.g. plastic surgery); replacement; -plasty
obstacle; impediment; hindrance; handicap; impairment; disability
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
rocky area; rocky tract; rocky stretch (of a climb); wall (of rock)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then