indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
advance warning; previous notice; announcement; herald; harbinger; forerunner
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
aeroplane; airplane; aircraft
inside a plane; in-flight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
shaking; trembling; pitching; disturbance; unrest; agitation
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
investigation to determine the cause (of); tracing something back to its origin
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
announcement (esp. over public-address system); official announcement; formal information release
to hang over; to shroud; to enshroud; to envelop; to screen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
almost; roughly; approximately
coincident with; while; simultaneously
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell; to speak up (e.g. in protest); to speak one's mind
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
to soothe; to calm; to pacify
to continue; to keep up; to keep on