four-eyed; pattern of four squares
to wear a mask; to hide one's true intentions
to put on; to wear; to be clad in; to twine around; to twist around; to coil around
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
stick-to-itiveness; perseverance; radical (esp. one that tends to ionize easily); root; indriya (faculty of the body having a specific function, i.e. the sensory organs)
counter for large animals (e.g. head of cattle); counter for insects in a collection; counter for helmets, masks, etc.
wild beast; wild animal; brute
to dress up as; to disguise oneself as; to play the role of
nth year in the Taishō era (1912.7.30-1926.12.25)
(ceremony of) driving out evil spirits
Song dynasty (China, 960-1279); Sung dynasty; Liu Song dynasty (China, 420-479); Liu Sung dynasty; Song (ancient Chinese state, 11th century-286 BCE); Sung
New Year's Eve; December 31
servant; valet; (arch.) someone who works in close quarters with the emperor or imperial family; (arch.) low-ranking official who works for the imperial family or nobility (under the Ritsuryo system); (arch.) ox-tender for oxcarts; (arch.) horse boy
to chase about; to hang on; to drive hard
imperial palace; festival dolls representing the emperor and the empress
recent past; recent times; early modern period (from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the end of the Edo period)
private; non-governmental; non-official; folk; popular
circulation; dissemination
legume (esp. edible legumes or their seeds, e.g. beans, peas, pulses); bean; soya bean (Glycine max); soybean; female genitalia (esp. the clitoris); kidney; small
Emperor Uda; Uda Tenno (867-931 CE, reigning: 887-897 CE)
Onmyōdō; way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements
first day of spring (according to the traditional lunisolar calendar, approx. February 4)
first day of summer (approx. May 6)
first day of autumn (approx. August 8); first day of fall
first day of winter (approx. November 8)
last night; the previous night; night before (Christmas, etc.); eve (of festival, major event, etc.)
the positive and the negative
maliciousness; ill will; noxious gas; (arch.) (vengeful) ghost; (arch.) specter
disaster; accident; calamity; catastrophe
old-fashioned; behind the times; out-of-date; antiquated
ancestral spirit; collective of ancestral spirits which have lost their individualities; ancestor deified as a kami; spirit of a kami
visit (from abroad); introduction (from abroad); importation
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
solemn; respectful; reverent; silent; quiet
all kinds of things; various things; large number of people
Nihon Shoki; Nihongi; Chronicles of Japan
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
ancestral; hereditary; imported; transmitted; handed down
genuine; real; full-scale; full-blown; full-fledged; professional