indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
time; years; days; the Moon and the Sun
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
in the meanwhile; during the time
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
many; numerous; various; large number of
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
beginning; outset; first; onset
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
inexperienced; unfamiliar (with); unversed; lacking experience
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
to bump heads; to bump into each other; to collide head-on; to meet by chance; to encounter; to run into
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
several years; a few years
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
literary and military arts; the pen and the sword
to strive; to endeavour; to endeavor; to make an effort; to be zealous
pride; self-confidence; thinking highly of oneself; being proud of one's abilities or achievements
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
wherein; therein; thereinto
ago; since; before; previous
story; tale; talk; discussion
cotton rose (Hibiscus mutabilis); Confederate rose; dixie rosemallow; lotus blossom
to spell; to write; to compose; to bind (e.g. documents); to patch
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
president (of a society); chairman