indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to find out; to discover; to select; to pick out; to look out (from the inside); to be wide-eyed (in surprise, anger, etc.)
drop (e.g. of water); drip
both hands; both arms; ten
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
travelling clothes; traveling clothes; travelling outfit; traveling outfit
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
calm; composed; cool; quiet
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell; to speak up (e.g. in protest); to speak one's mind