little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
criticism; blame; censure; attack; reproach
to show signs of ...; to have the appearance of ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tumult; great noise; clatter; hustle and bustle
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
excessively spacious; unduly wide; sprawling
market (financial, stock, domestic, etc.); marketplace; exchange; (street) market
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be awash with; to teem with; to be full of
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
shop; small store; business; firm
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pay; to be profitable; to pull against each other
origin; source; history; originally; from the start; by nature
unclear; obscure; unknown; unidentified; ignorance; lack of wisdom
ornament; decorative object; object placed in a tokonoma; figurehead; leader without real power
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
grace (of God); divine favour; benefit; efficacy
does not seem; unlikely; improbable
to line up; to set up; to enumerate; to itemize; to be equal (to); to compare well (with)
to lose weight; to become thin; to wither away
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
disorder; confusion; clutter; mess; muddle; disarray
iron plate; steel plane; sure thing; certain winner
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake