again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
simple and clear; plain and simple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hospitality; reception; treatment; (light) refreshment; entertaining with food and drink; treat
gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase
to throw out one's chest; to be puffed up with pride
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
one's say; one's point; complaint; grievance; objection
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
formal; official; ceremonious
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient