text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
cut; cutting; haircut; shuffle (cards); shuffling; scene
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
pity; sorrow; grief; misery
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
railroad; railway; rail transport
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Washington, DC (United States); Washington (US state)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
junction; system interchange (between highways)
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
war; battle; match; game; competition
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age