coming out; going out; attending (work); appearing (on stage); start; beginning; origins
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
Japanese writing; Japanese text
Bunroku era (1592.12.8-1596.10.27)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
possession; ownership; Tibet; Tibetan people
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
taking excerpts; extraction
spoken language; colloquial speech; (modern) spoken Japanese; written style based on (modern) spoken Japanese
to translate; to interpret
to change; to alter; to reform; to correct; to examine; to check
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
grounds; foundation; authority; support; prop; something upon which to rely
Satori; folklore monster that can read minds
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
system; lineage; ancestry; group (e.g. of colors) (colours); family (e.g. of languages); close (evolutionary) relationship
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
section (i.e. of text); sentence; phrase; verse (of 5 or 7 mora in Japanese poetry; of 4, 5, or 7 characters in Chinese poetry); haiku; first 17 morae of a renga, etc.
history of a nation; Japanese history
desirable; hoped for; preferable; advisable
going straight to the point; cutting it short; as it turns out
modern language; contemporary language; living language; modern Japanese; Japanese as spoken since the Meiji period or alternatively, since the end of World War II
archaic word; obsolete word; old saying; old adage; old language; ancient language
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
profit; gains; benefit; advantage; grace (of God, Buddha, etc.) (esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing
recognition; acknowledgement; acknowledgment; approval; consent; agreement
illness; disease; bad habit; weakness; fault
uncomfortable feeling; feeling out of place; sense of discomfort; malaise; physical unease
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
to be renewed; to change; to be improved; to be reformed; to stand on ceremony; to be formal
expression; presentation; representation; notation
conjunctive form; continuative form; -masu stem of a Japanese verb
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
as (much) as possible; as (far) as possible
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
negotiations; discussions; connection
being out of time; passing the deadline; time-out
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
feelings; thoughts; meaning