to pass (e.g. car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to get ahead of
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
principle of excluding foreigners (late Edo period)
Sinology; study of China or of the Chinese classics
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic
outside (e.g. of a building); exterior; outside (of a group, company, etc.); outside world
isolation; cut off; blockade; quarantine; interception; deprivation
head-on; to one's face; squarely; directly; flatly (e.g. refuse)
collection (of fees, taxes, etc.); levy
plan; device; idea; design; contrivance; conception
Western Europe; the West; the Occident; Europe
police; police officer; police station
constitution; rules; regulation
presentation; exhibit; suggest; citation
competition; contest; rivalry; competition (between organisms or species)
invention; intelligent; clever; (arch.) making sense (of something); (arch.) understanding
translational equivalent; equivalent word in translation
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to start; to start up; to embark on; to get going; to commence
original; unique (e.g. product); signature; exclusive
originality; distinctiveness; uniqueness; individuality
if it is the case that ...
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
arrangement (music, objects, etc.); organization; adaptation
clear; precise; definite; distinct
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
to fuss over; to be particular about; to be obsessive about; to be fixated on; to obstruct; to hinder
in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
to have (something) innate; to be born with
(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
such ... as; or some such
essence; true nature; substance; reality
characteristic; like oneself; worthy of oneself
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
pride; dignity; self-respect