futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
way to use something; treatment; management (of help)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
selection; choice; option
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
New Year's gift (usu. money given to a child by relatives and visitors)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
personal expenses; pocket money; spending money; incidental expenses; allowance
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't you think?; indicates question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally
to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
really; truly; indeed; good grief
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for