unification of the written and spoken forms of a language
established theory; accepted opinion; accepted explanation
written language; literary language; classical (or formal) written style based on Heian-period Japanese
clear; sharp; distinct; distinctive
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
iroha karuta; matching card game usu. consisting of 47 reading cards and 47 picture cards
to be contrary to; to be inconsistent with; to act contrary to (rules or guidelines); to violate; to oppose; to rebel
coined word; coinage; neologism
to float; to rise to the surface; to stand out; to be visible; to be alienated
to shift one's attention to; to shift one's focus on
to take the form (of); to assume a shape
allotment; apportionment; share; dividend
konnyaku (Amorphophallus konjac); konjac; devil's tongue; konnyaku jelly; konjac jelly; devil's tongue jelly
how many times; how often
dictionary; lexicon; (arch.) letter of resignation
exhibition; display; putting on show
to investigate thoroughly; to examine closely; to probe into; to be obsessed with a thought; to brood over; to worry about
to open (e.g. path); to clear (the way); to break up (e.g. land)
to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to let live; to keep alive; to revive; to resuscitate
to record for transmission to posterity
intuition; instinct; insight; hunch; immediacy
cum (e.g. bedroom-cum-study); holding both roles (e.g. Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs); and; in addition; concurrently; at the same time
completely; absolutely; (not) at all; (not) a bit; earnestly; intently
Kojiki with Ancient Readings (by Nagase Masachi, 1803)
concubine of an emperor; female court attendant who serves in the emperor's bedchamber
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
man'yōgana; early Japanese syllabary composed of Chinese characters used phonetically
peaceful; tranquil; calm; restful
lucky day; auspicious day
floating island (mass of floating aquatic plants); island that appears to be floating (due to the mirage effect)
to rise (steeply); to tower; to soar
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; (of a samurai) devoting oneself to (the defence of) one's territory
recompense; indemnity; atonement
small dried sardines or anchovies (gomame) cooked almost to dryness in soy sauce and sugar; tilling a rice field; person who tills a paddy field
to make up for; to compensate for; to indemnify; to recompense; to redeem (e.g. a fault); to atone for
to be careful; to be discreet; to do in moderation; to refrain (from overdoing); to be reverent; to be purified
color of water after washing rice (colour)
one's best interests; one's own good