indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to beat fast (of one's heart); to flutter (with joy, anticipation, etc.); to throb; to pound; to palpitate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to return to normal; to revert to the starting point; to go back to how it was
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
impossible; unlikely; improbable
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
because; the reason is; if you want to know why
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
almost; roughly; approximately
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly
after a short time; in a short while; a short time later
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to be in disorder; to lie scattered around
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
rebound; relapse after a diet; regaining lost weight; return of symptoms after withdrawal of medicine
to afflict; to torment; to harass; to molest
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
please (give me); please (do for me)