imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
Fukuzawa Yukichi (1834-1901)
Sinology; study of China or of the Chinese classics
Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji eras)
conversion; shift; about-face; switch
intelligence; discernment
understanding person; supporter
on the occasion of; at the time of
outline; summary; gist; in brief
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
to state one's opinion; to offer one's opinion; to opine
the West; the Occident; Western countries
to recite; to chant; to cry; to yell; to advocate; to advance
to take by surprise; to startle; to shock
predecessor; pioneer; ancestor
polish (jewels); cultivation
bringing up to date; progress
to change into; to be transformed; to be transfigured; to transform; to alter; to convert
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
bhava (becoming, existence)
to change (with the passage of time); to fade; to wane; to decline
to meet; to assemble; to gather; to encounter; to run into
most difficult; next to impossible
to peep (through); to peek; to await (one's chance); to guess; to infer
to precede; to forestall; to anticipate
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
crowd of people; great number of people; in great numbers
mediocre; ordinary; commonplace; banal
coincident with; while; simultaneously
to take an attitude; to take a stance; to commit oneself; to assume a position
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
to ask after (someone's health); to visit; to attack; to strike; to meet with misfortune
fortuitous; luck; windfall; godsend; good fortune
ripening (of a crop); crop; harvest
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
foreign country; other country; another province; strange land; alien land
guess; speculation; supposition