double circle (indicating "very good" on a piece of school work)
explanatory notes (at the start of a book); introductory remarks; usage guide (e.g. of a dictionary); legend (on maps, drawings, etc.)
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
quotation; citation; reference
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
translation into Japanese
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reference; bibliographical reference; consultation; browsing (e.g. when selecting a file to upload on a computer); checking out
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
translation; version (e.g. "English version")
by means of; due to; because of; according to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to write down; to note; to jot down; to remember
several; a number of; quantity; amount; counting; figures; number
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of one's arrival); invitation
addition; appendix; note; supplement
literature; books (reference); document
almost; roughly; approximately
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
luxury; extravagance; to live in luxury; to indulge oneself; lavish (use of something); abundant
trouble; troubles; worry; distress; sorrows; anguish
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
criticism; judgement; judgment; comment
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
while; during; while; although; all; both