stipend given to a designated person, such as a noble, and which was paid by a designated household (ritsuryo system)
provision; supply; payment; allowance; grant
complete state ownership of land and citizens (proclaimed by the Taika reforms) (Ritsuryo period)
administrative organization
important position; strategic point; important point; main point; essentials
barrier; checkpoint; checking station
soldiers garrisoned at strategic posts in Kyushu in ancient times; Chinese soldiers stationed to protect remote regions of the country during the Tang dynasty
register established for tax purposes (ritsuryo period)
allotment of rice paddies for cultivation during the cultivator's lifetime (ritsuryo system)
enforcement; implementation; putting into practice; carrying out; operation; working (e.g. working parameters)
slave labour; slave labor; compulsory service; forced labour; forced labor; exacted service
concreteness; feasibility
to chip; to be chipped; to be missing (from a set, team, etc.); to be absent; to be lacking (in); to be short (of)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
to be suspected (of); to be under suspicion (of)
to have a hard time of it; to have a bitter experience
Emperor Temmu (?-686 CE, reigning: 673-686 CE)
friction; discord; trouble; dissension; disagreement
invitation; introduction; temptation
state of things; state of affairs; condition; situation; circumstances
panic; scare; alarm; panic; financial panic
previous generation (e.g. one's parents); family predecessor; predecessor; previous age
second accession to the throne
successive generations; successive emperors
case (e.g. receptacle, condition, event, legal action, letter style, etc.); Computer-Aided Software Engineering; CASE
to revel in trouble and discord; to be bent on making trouble; to like starting fights
waterway; canal; channel; swimming pool lane
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
to shift one's attention to; to shift one's focus on
reinforcement; augmentation; strengthening; increase; buildup
Tang dynasty (of China; 618-907); T'ang dynasty; (arch.) China; (arch.) foreign country
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
bestowing peerage by imperial edict (in ancient China); document bestowing peerage
doctor; PhD; exposition; fair; exhibition
to administer affairs of state; to attend to government affairs