to repeat; to do something over again
slave labor; slave labour
extinction; annihilation; destruction
by-product; spin-off; outgrowth; side effect
the various countries of Europe and America; the West
dark history; dark past; something one wants to forget or pretend never happened
to be moist; to be damp; to profit by; to receive benefits; to become rich; to become at ease financially
exploitation; overuse; abuse
armed might; military power; the sword; force
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
manual labor; manual labour; toil; Labour Party
engaging in (work); pursuing (e.g. studies); following (a profession); being involved in
sales; selling; marketing
dispute; strife; quarrel; dissension; conflict; rivalry
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
representative; exemplary; model
manufactured goods; finished goods; product
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
compensation; equivalent value; consideration
gaining total control (of people or counties); suppression; oppression; control; mastery; ascendancy
great; grand; extensive; large-scale
Nanban trade; Japanese trade with Spain and Portugal (1543-1641)
race (of people); type of person
heavy labor; heavy labour; hard work; hard labor (in prison); hard labour
to withstand; to be able to endure
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
certain; unmistaken; evident; obvious; beyond doubt
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
Spanish Armada; invincible armada
coercion; overpowering; to overpower; to overawe; to daunt