cinnabar; vermillion; red pigment (and ink made from same); red text (as used to correct documents)
early morning; early hours; early in the morning
to keep company; to listen to; to associate with; to play against (e.g. a team); to take on (e.g. a rival)
interruption; suspension; break
morality; moral principles
reply (to a letter); response; answer
nominal; in name only; only by terminology
ruler and ruled; master and servant
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
centre of circle; center of circle
sumi; India ink; squid ink; octopus ink; carpenter's inking string
light and shade; shade (of colour, color); depth (of flavor); complexity; strength and weakness (of flavor)
art of drawing and painting
master; teacher; stable master
Shuubun (Muromachi-era Japanese artist)
Azuchi-Momoyama period (approx. 1558-1600)
hunting; harvesting (e.g. berries, fruit); picking; gathering
luxurious and gorgeous; magnificent
state-sponsored temples, particularly those favored and protected by the shogunate during the Kamakura period
status of a Buddhist temple
law; rule; regulation; destiny; fate; karma
ten important Rinzai temples, second in significance to the Kyoto Gozan
the five great Rinzai temples of Kamakura (Kenchō-ji, Engaku-ji, Jufuku-ji, Jōchi-ji, Jōmyō-ji)
embodiment; materialization; actualization; realization; taking form; taking shape
10^12; 1,000,000,000,000; trillion; sign; omen; indication
reclamation (e.g. wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. new market); breaking new ground
pioneer; trailblazer; leader; groundbreaker; pathfinder; forerunner
calabash (Lagenaria siceraria); bottle gourd; gourd (container); calabash
catfish (esp. the Amur catfish, Silurus asotus); (arch.) earthquake
koan; kōan; Zen question for meditation (e.g. the sound of one hand clapping)
Zen meditation; meditative consultation with the head abbot
Hanshan and Shi De (two Tang-era Chinese monks, often the subjects of works of art)