peace; tranquility; tranquillity; Heian period (794-1185)
Saichou; Saichou (founder of the Tendai sect) (767-822)
empty air; sky; shunyata; emptiness; air force; fruitlessness; meaninglessness
studying under; looking up to; apprenticing oneself to
go-on; Wu reading; on reading of a kanji based on 5th and 6th century Chinese
kan-on; Han reading; on reading of a kanji based on Tang dynasty Chinese
tō-on; Tang reading; on reading of a kanji based on Song dynasty and later Chinese
the north; northward; northern direction; northern part (e.g. of a country); northern district
Chinese person; (arch.) foreigner
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
on reading; on'yomi; Chinese-derived reading of a kanji
private funds; own funds; private property
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
switching over to; migration; transition
basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
it is assuredly (that)...; can say with confidence that it is...
legislation; development of laws
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
to provide; to supply; to furnish
provision; supply; payment; allowance; grant
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
with ... as a start; taking advantage of; inspired by
wasteland; wilderness; deserted land; prairie; vast plain; wilds
farmland given to nobles of the fifth rank or above (ritsuryo system)
three generations; third generation immigrant; sansei; the third (e.g. Henry III)
cultivating new land; clearing; reclamation
irrigation channel; irrigation ditch; irrigation canal; flume
grasp; catch; understanding
to be useful; to be helpful; to serve the purpose
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
will; desire; ambition; urge (e.g. creative urge)
without cause; without reason
fields and rice paddies that have been abandoned and are no longer cultivated
official proclamation; announcement; promulgation (e.g. of regulations)