early on; earlier on; from early
armed forces; military; troops
Tokugawa Nariaki (1800-1860)
enrich the country, strengthen the army (Meiji era government slogan)
brewing; fermenting; arousing; causing; creating
(bank) president; greenroom manager (in a theater)
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
Bible; bible (authoritative book in a particular sphere)
stingfish; scorpion fish; stonefish
in the mountains; within the grounds of a temple
Itagaki Taisuke (1837-1919)
appointment (to a position, job, etc.); being used for a role; promotion
Doll's Festival (March 3); Peach Festival
congratulation; congratulations; celebration; congratulatory gift; present
Ii Naosuke (1815-1860.3.24)
to fall incessantly (rain, snow, etc.); to downpour
palanquin; litter; bier; kago
outside a gate; beyond one's area of expertise
resentment; grudge; malice; matter for regret; regret
commoner; patriot; humble subject; late Edo period commoner opposition movement (mid-18th century to mid-19th century)
snell (fishing); leader; trace; cast
imperial sanction; royal charter; chartered (e.g. chartered accountant)
expel the barbarians; expulsion of the foreigners; late Edo period (19th century) revolutionary slogan
stubborn; obstinate; pigheaded
Emperor Koumei; Koumei Tenno (1831-1866 CE, reigning: 1846-1866 CE)
lineage; pedigree; family line; birth
to weather (a storm, rough seas); to ride across; to get through (adversity); to weather; to load completely (e.g. books on a shelf, people or luggage in a car)
signature; signing; sealing
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
Matsudaira Yoshinaga (1828-1890)
to draw near; to draw closer; to press (e.g. for an answer); to hound
chief financial official (Edo period); commissioner of finance; chief treasurer; chief accountant in a daimyo's service (Muromachi period)