law decreeing rules for daimyo during Tokugawa shogunate
court; Imperial Palace or household
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
to overwhelm (e.g. an opponent); to overpower; to overwhelm (someone with emotion); to move; to intimidate; to frighten
shogunal vassal; direct retainer of a shogun
daimyo's alternating Edo residence; official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo period)
economic difficulties; financial difficulties; fiscal difficulties
to come to a dead end; to come to a standstill; to reach a deadlock; to reach an impasse; to reach a stalemate
the Kyōhō Reforms (1736 economic reforms)
Kansei Reforms (series of conservative government measures, 1787-1793 CE)
barony of the first degree; influential feudal clan
forcefulness of speech; influential voice
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
to incline toward; to slant; to lurch; to go down (sun); to wane; to sink
restoration of imperial rule
weight; weight (e.g. of someone's words); burden; importance; significance
to break; to be broken; to be folded; to give in; to back down; to turn (a corner)
buried gold; buried treasure
three branch Tokugawa families (Owari, Kii, and Mito); big three; top three
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
Ardisia crenata; coralberry
one vehicle; one ryō (an old coin)
winter campaign of the siege of Osaka (1614 CE)
Toyotomi Hideyori (1593.8.29-1615.6.4)
Council of Five Elders (committee of daimyo formed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to rule Japan until his son Hideyori came of age)
(Edo-period) chief minister
finally; at last; ultimately; in the end
Tokugawa Hidetada (1579.5.2-1632.3.14), Shougun 1605-1623
maid; helper; help; assistance
building; construction; group effort by Buddhist practitioners; group activities by a community (e.g. cleaning, etc.)
ignoring; disregarding; taking no notice of; refusing to comment on; turning a deaf ear to
lesson; discipline; example (e.g. set a bad example); revelation
in some way or other; one way or another; somehow; only just; barely
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
to act as a go-between (for); to mediate; to arrange; to entertain (guests); to treat; to receive