Emperor Koutoku; Koutoku Tenno (597-654 CE, reigning 645-654 CE)
complete state ownership of land and citizens (proclaimed by the Taika reforms) (Ritsuryo period)
administrative organization
allotment of rice paddies for cultivation during the cultivator's lifetime (ritsuryo system)
real condition; actual circumstances; actual state of affairs
Yōrō Code (promulgated 757 CE)
resemblance; similarity; analogy
Osakabeshinnou (Prince) (?-705)
president (of an organization); director general; governor (of a central bank); party leader (esp. LDP)
experienced person; person who has had a particular experience
(arch.) retainer; (arch.) attendant; Omi (hereditary title; orig. one of the two highest such titles, later demoted to sixth highest of eight); I; me
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
Grand Council of State (1868-1885 CE); Department of State (under the ritsuryo system)
main; principal; chief; primary; major
administration; governance; the authorities; authority
Minister of the Right (official in Nara and Heian periods)
Minister of the Left (official in Nara and Heian periods)
Oversight Department (division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices)
Oversight Department of the Left (overseeing the Ministries of Central Affairs, Ceremonies, Civil Administration and Popular Affairs) (ritsuryo system)
government service; official position; civil service
inside the Imperial Palace; Department of the Imperial Household
Ministry of Justice (in Tang-dynasty China)
Ministry of War (Tang-dynasty China)
people; citizens; subjects; folk
the eight ministries (under the Grand Council of State of the ritsuryo system)
two departments (under the ritsuryo system: the Dept. of State and the Dept. of Worship)
Izumi (former province located in the southwest of present-day Osaka Prefecture)
the seven districts of ancient Japan
south side of a mountain; Sanyo district
provincial governor (under the ritsuryo system, any of a group of officials, esp. the director)
district governor (Ritsuryo period)
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)
to appoint; to nominate; to assume (responsibility); to pose as
document; writing; letter; document addressed to someone
doctrine; rule; principle; -ism
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to fall to one's knees; to go down on one's knees (e.g. to express respect)