Jōkyū era (1219.4.12-1222.4.13); Shōkyū era
exile; banishment; deportation
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
in general; generally; mostly; gist; point; main idea
arrangement; disposition; array (programming)
including (in a compilation); publishing; recording
face card; court card; picture card (in utagaruta or iroha karuta)
to turn over; to turn pages of a book; to tear off; to strip off; to tear up
bozu mekuri; bonze turnup; card game played with a hyakunin isshu deck
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
around the world; throughout the world
to pile up; to accumulate
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNESCO
food culture; dietary culture; cuisine
lactic fermentation; lactic acid fermentation
beneficial; profitable; useful; helpful; instructive
decomposition; putrefaction; putrescence; corruption; degeneracy; decay
food; food products; foodstuffs
long-lasting; long-wearing; wears well; nagamochi; large oblong chest (for clothing, personal effects, etc.)
seasoning; flavoring; flavouring; condiment
miso; fermented condiment usu. made from soybeans; innards (from crabs, shrimps, etc.) resembling miso; key (main) point; good part (of something); weakling
mirin; type of sweet rice wine used in cooking
dashi (Japanese soup stock made from fish and kelp)
katsuobushi; small pieces of sliced dried bonito
side dish; supplementary food
tsukemono; Japanese pickled vegetables
yogurt; yoghurt; yoghourt
cheese; tee (piping); T-joint; cheese (said when taking a photograph)
narezushi; fermented sushi (pickled in brine rather than vinegar), precursor of modern sushi
microorganisms; saprophyte; saprophytic bacteria
breeding; multiplication; increase; propagation; reproduction
regional cuisine; local cuisine
conversion to sugar; saccharification
baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); brewer's yeast