general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
in comparison to; rather than
ability; performance; efficiency
to be inferior to; to be less good at; to fall behind
to expand; to swell (out); to get big; to become inflated
dynamic lift; lifting power
advance; moving forward; progress
to get narrower; to contract
skillful; skilled; proficient; flattery
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
it was, wasn't it?; must have been; I think (it was); how might it have been?
ban; prohibition; interdiction; injunction
sailing ship; sailing boat; sailing vessel
Occident and Orient (esp. the Occident); ocean; sea; foreign; Western
compromise; cross; blending; eclecticism
Edo shogunate (1603-1867)
western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); western nations (esp. India or Europe); thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon
daimyo (Japanese feudal lord)
counter for jewels in a watch; counter for transistors, diodes, etc. in an electronic product
forfeiture; seizure; confiscation; impounding
law decreeing rules for daimyo during Tokugawa shogunate
revision (of text); alteration; change
prohibition; inhibition; ban
navy (esp. the Japanese navy prior to the 1850s)
strength; power; proficiency; ability
to chip (off); to shave (off); to slice (off); to dampen (e.g. enthusiasm); to discourage; to weaken
political measures; policy
as (X, then Y); with; in accordance with; in proportion to
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
voyage; passage; travelling
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
to rally; to make a comeback
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
megalopolis; megacity; supercity