arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship
emigration and immigration
medicine; agent; (chemical) substance; drug; dose
study of foreign languages; linguistics
Western painting; Western film; Western movie
practical; useful; utilitarian; pragmatic
to loosen; to slacken; to relax (attention, efforts, etc.); to let down (one's guard); to relax (a rule); to ease (e.g. restrictions)
shogunate retainer; shogunate vassal
Noro Genjou (1694.1.15-1761.8.6)
Japanese laurel; spotted laurel; Aucuba japonica; live tree
dictionary; lexicon; (arch.) letter of resignation
bass range (in Japanese music); six even-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale; Japanese seven-tone gagaku scale similar to Mixolydian mode (corresp. to: re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do)
pictorial book; picture book; illustrated reference book; identification manual; field guide
reconciliation; amicable settlement; court-mediated settlement; (arch.) translation of a foreign language into Japanese
pathfinder; trailblazer; early settler; pioneer; founder; originator
control; management; supervision
Seabold; Siebold ((Philipp Franz Balthasar von) Siebold, scientific explorer of Japan)
pupil; disciple; follower
assistant; helper; assistant (to a professor)
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
check; restraint; oppression; suppression
regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt
doctor of Chinese (herbal) medicine
doctor practising Western medicine (during the Edo period)
Western medicine (as introduced to Japan by the Dutch during the Edo period)
magistrate of Nagasaki (Edo period)
coastal defense; coastal defence
presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in
concurrently studying the teachings of two or more different schools or sects
treaty; pact; convention; agreement
a help; an aid; some assistance
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)