high-speed; rapid; express; highway; freeway; expressway
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
second (unit of time); arc second
several minutes; a few minutes
to work out; to think out; to devise; to invent
Saigou Takamori (1828.1.23-1877.9.24)
last; final; end; conclusion; rust
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai
westernization; westernisation
chance (of success); odds
traditional; from ancient times; formerly
Bushido; samurai code of chivalry
romance (e.g. Arthurian romances); heroic tale; (nigh) impossible dream; adventurous spirit; (full-length) novel; romance
Kyūshū (southernmost of the four main islands of Japan)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
countryside; country; 50-home township (comprised of 2-3 neighbourhoods)
feudal era; feudal times; feudal period; feudal age; age of feudalism
standard of conduct; code of behavior; moral code; culture (of an organization)
additional information used to identify an address (e.g. building name, room number)
assistance; help; helper; babe; chick; broad
selection (esp. from many people for an important job position); exceptional promotion
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
Edo shogunate (1603-1867)
complication; confusion; disorder
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
congratulation; celebration
arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship
Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (March 31, 1854); Convention of Kanagawa; Kanagawa Treaty; unequal treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa shogunate that forced Japan to end its policy of national seclusion
to start slowly; to lag behind
modernization; modernisation