indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
night flight (without paying); skipping out by night; moonlight flit
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Ginza (shopping district in Tokyo); (Edo period) silver mint
one's business; reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha; bargain; discount; (arch.) money paid to a prostitute or geisha
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lone wolf; loner; self-reliant person
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
university hospital; teaching hospital
medical office (esp. in a hospital); doctor's office
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
giving and taking; exchange (of letters); arguing back and forth; (conversational) exchange
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
medical care; medical treatment
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
survival of the fittest; the law of the jungle; (lit.) the weak are meat the strong do eat
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)