indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tenement house; row house
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
president (of a society); chairman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
review (of learned material); revision
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
second generation; second; junior
to start (something); to start up; to boot (a computer); to launch (a business)
to grow thickly; to be in full leaf; to be rampant; to luxuriate; to be luxurious
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill
absolutely every little bit; everything from A to Z; systematically; thoroughly; one after another
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
disturbance; obstruction; hindrance; jamming; interference
by means of; due to; because of; according to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
countermeasure; counter-measure
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to escape from; to get out
action of making something; -ification
strategic arrangement of go stones; opening moves; preparation; preparatory steps; groundwork
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
company; corporation; workplace