action of making something; -ification
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
old enemy; longtime enemy; arch-enemy; traditional rival; longstanding foe
tenement house; row house
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to grow thickly; to be in full leaf; to be rampant; to luxuriate; to be luxurious
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
illness; disease; bad habit; weakness; fault
to invade; to raid; to infringe; to encroach; to harm; to afflict
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
to punish (e.g. a child, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
president (of a society); chairman
dismissal (from a post); discharge; removal
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
to put into effect; to put into practice
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
company director; board member
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how