indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tenement house; row house
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
president (of a society); chairman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
review (of learned material); revision
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
second generation; second; junior
to start (something); to start up; to boot (a computer); to launch (a business)
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
action of making something; -ification
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round
to advance to the next stage (e.g. in a tournament)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience