program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
d button; data button; button on a TV remote control for accessing programme information, weather, traffic, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
present; gift; to give a present or gift
getting (something); obtaining; scoring (goal, point, etc.)
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
splendid; praiseworthy; admirable; well done!; bravo!
whirlwind; sensation; commotion; hullabaloo
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
one move (in go, shogi, etc.); only way; only means; doing alone; doing single-handed
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)