indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
adds force or indicates command
ninja; person trained in ninjutsu and employed for covert purposes in feudal Japan
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
haze (esp. in spring); mist; dimness (of sight)
flurry of snow in a clear sky; winter wind which brings scattered snowflakes or raindrops; skin eruptions cause by a cold or fever
splendid; praiseworthy; admirable; well done!; bravo!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Konaki Jijii (a ghost in Japanese folklore with the shape of a small old man and having a baby's cry)
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
approximation; having a close resemblance
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
(in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
all present; all concerned; all of us
to conceal oneself; to hide; to endure; to bear; to stand
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become