indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hornet; yellow jacket; wasp (of subfamily Vespinae); Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia); yak-killer hornet
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
haze (esp. in spring); mist; dimness (of sight)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ninja; person trained in ninjutsu and employed for covert purposes in feudal Japan
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to conceal oneself; to hide; to endure; to bear; to stand
flurry of snow in a clear sky; winter wind which brings scattered snowflakes or raindrops; skin eruptions cause by a cold or fever
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
suffix for familiar person
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap