indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
approximation; having a close resemblance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
plaster or mortar-covered wall
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
adds force or indicates command
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
all present; all concerned; all of us
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
suffix for familiar person
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
transcendence; excellence; superiority
dawn (sometimes esp. in ref. to the 16th day of the lunar month onward)
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to conceal oneself; to hide; to endure; to bear; to stand
honorific/polite/humble prefix
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
two persons; two people; pair; couple
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh