earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
haze (esp. in spring); mist; dimness (of sight)
program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
d button; data button; button on a TV remote control for accessing programme information, weather, traffic, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
splendid; praiseworthy; admirable; well done!; bravo!
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
fungus; germ; bacterium; bacillus
suffix for familiar person
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
becoming a pupil (of); becoming an apprentice
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
all present; all concerned; all of us
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
such ... as; or some such