indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
approximation; having a close resemblance
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
sea monster; green turtle
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
flurry of snow in a clear sky; winter wind which brings scattered snowflakes or raindrops; skin eruptions cause by a cold or fever
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
suffix for familiar person
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
all present; all concerned; all of us
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
haze (esp. in spring); mist; dimness (of sight)
star (cinema, sports, etc.); celebrity; star symbol; asterisk; (celestial) star
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
splendid; praiseworthy; admirable; well done!; bravo!
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
adds force or indicates command
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item