indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
worn-out; ragged; crumbling; dry and crumbly; falling (in drops or clumps); scattering
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
older brother; elder brother
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
such; like that; that sort of; very
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to increase; to add to; to augment
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
not a chance; not likely; oh no; yuck; fault; defect
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
chief retainer; daimyo's minister
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
fear; horror; anxiety; concern; uneasiness; reverence
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to collect; to assemble; to gather
(logical) true; regular; 10^40; ten thousand undecillion; original; positive
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
now; the present time; just now; another; more
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
how; in what way; how about