collar; lapel; neckband; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
autumn, season of good appetite
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
autumn, the best season for reading
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
deliberately; carefully; thoroughly; without rushing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
autumn, the best season for doing sports
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
full moon; 15th day of the lunar month
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
autumn, the best season for enjoying art
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of