indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
full moon; 15th day of the lunar month
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
all present; all concerned; all of us
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
remaining; left-over; excess
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
clothing; dressing; binding (of a book)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
collar; lapel; neckband; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey