indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
commander-in-chief; Taishōgun; one of the eight gods of the koyomi
lion; left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ring; circle; hoop; wheel; circle (e.g. of friends)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
adds force or indicates command
to be needed; to be wanted
show; exhibition; spectacle
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
wasteful; a waste; too good; more than one deserves; impious; profane
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
wrong; different; not like that
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch