indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to glide; to slide (e.g. on skis); to fail (an examination); to bomb (when telling a joke); to drop; to go down
smooth; shiny; slippery; greasy; slurping (noodles)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
oil; petroleum; oil; lubricant; (cooking) oil; (massage) oil; ointment
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
scrubbing hard; scrubbing clean
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o