indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
all present; all concerned; all of us
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
king; monarch; ruler; champion
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Leo (constellation); the Lion
fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
adds force or indicates command
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine