indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
all present; all concerned; all of us
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Leo (constellation); the Lion
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed