fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)
program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
counter for colours; color; colour; (outward) appearance; look; (facial) expression; face
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
entrance (on the stage); appearance (in a book, film, etc.); appearance (on the scene); arrival (on the market); emergence
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to hide; to conceal oneself; to disappear (behind); to be hidden (by); to live in seclusion; to retire (from the world)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
d button; data button; button on a TV remote control for accessing programme information, weather, traffic, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to thrust; to press (down); to push (e.g. a button); to stamp (e.g. one's name); to affix (a seal); to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
point (of a story, argument, etc.); key point; point; site; point (in scoring); point (in a loyalty program); points
to amass; to accumulate; to store; to leave unpaid
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
midwinter; cold season; coldest days of the year
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
warm; mild; warm (of a colour); mellow; having enough money
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
(ancient) Japan; Yamato kingdom; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture); Yamato (battleship)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to hold hands; to join hands; to do together; to go arm in arm; to join forces; to link hands