indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Leo (constellation); the Lion
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
all present; all concerned; all of us
fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
adds force or indicates command
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
(large) parrot (incl. the cockatoo)
suffix for familiar person
hearty; tremendous; magnificent; glorious; splendid; heroic
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
tradition; legend; folklore
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...