indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Leo (constellation); the Lion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
king; monarch; ruler; champion
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
all present; all concerned; all of us
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
people; men and women; each person; everybody
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to be found; to be discovered
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing