yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
Chinese goods; imported goods; (arch.) secondhand goods; (arch.) old furniture
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
major cleanup; spring cleaning
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
remembrance; recollection; recognition
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
first generation; founder
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to pull up; to drag up; to increase; to raise (e.g. taxes); to withdraw; to leave; to promote (someone to a higher position)
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)