indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
interference; intervention; meddling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
valid; effective; yuko (judo)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
silver; senior citizen; pensioner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
suffix for familiar person
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent