indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hide; to conceal oneself
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
gradually; steadily; slowly; little by little; step by step; by degrees
to corner; to drive to the wall; to run down; to track down; to chase after
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
having no choice; at a loss for what to do; at one's wits' end
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
finally; at last; ultimately; in the end
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
adds force or indicates command
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
suffix for familiar person
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to face; to go towards; to head towards
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo