indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
mold; mould; template; figure; shape; form
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
suffix for familiar person
serious; not joking; straight
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
pioneer; leader; taking the initiative; leading an attack; charging ahead of others (towards the enemy)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
nonglutinous grain (not sticky enough to make mochi rice cakes)